Hard water, which has a high mineral content, can reduce the effectiveness of some detergents. The worst detergents? They’re barely better than water when it comes to removing most stains. The best detergents we’ve tested earn an Excellent rating for removing common stains like body oil and dirt, but they can also tackle tougher ones, such as grass and blood. Our testers use a colorimeter, a device that measures color intensity, to see how much of the stain remains on each dry swatch, then compare it with stained swatches that have been laundered using only water. (We don’t use a dryer because the heat can alter the stains.) (Even the best detergents can’t remove every stain completely.) Using cool water, we wash swatches in two identical washing machines with each detergent, then allow the swatches to air-dry. We use stains that are exceedingly hard to remove so that we can detect real differences among detergents’ performance. Here’s how we determine which detergents fight the good fight: In the lab, CR’s test engineers launder fabric swatches that are saturated with blood, body oil, chocolate, coffee, dirt, grass, and salad dressing. “Most detergents sold today are liquid, and their popularity-plus the increase in sales of pods-means that few powders remain on store shelves,” Moomey says. As for powders, you’re likely to find your choices have narrowed in recent years. Strips are better for the environment by reducing plastic but seem to lack the ingredients or concentration levels to do the job. Our tests reveal there’s a chasm between the best liquids, pods/packs, and laundry detergent strips, which tested poorly in our labs. And cleaning power also varies depending on the type of detergent. However, our tests find that even within a single brand, performance varies from one formula to the next (for example, Tide Plus Ultra Stain Release scores higher in our tests than Tide Plus Bleach Alternative). But generally, shoppers tend to fall into one of two camps: price-based-they buy what’s on sale-or brand-loyal, says CR market analyst Kelly Moomey. “The scent is extremely strong,” says another-and they were both talking about the same formula. How do you know which superlatives to believe and which detergent to choose? Some CR readers tell us they have strong preferences, especially when it comes to the detergent’s scent: “Great smelling,” one CR reader commented. And that’s not even counting so-called natural or eco-friendly options. Stroll your grocery store’s cleaning aisle and you’ll see a rainbow of products boasting Marvel hero-like superpowers-Ultra Oxi, Stain Fighter, Power Pods, O 2 Blitz, Boombastic Clean.
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This Gucci wallet combines super premium leather with a classic embossed pattern.īest money clip: M-Clip V Series - See at Amazon If you prefer cash over cards, the Bellroy Note Sleeve will quite literally fit the bill.īest wallet for lots of cards: The Ridge Wallet - See at Amazonĭesigned to carry everything you need and nothing you don't, The Ridge Wallet features a durable aluminum body and elastic straps that expand to hold up to 12 cards.īest affordable designer leather wallet: Ralph Lauren Pebbled Leather Billfold - See at Poloįeaturing a timeless design, high-quality leather, and an affordable price, Ralph Lauren's leather goods have a lot to offer.īest designer leather wallet: Gucci Embossed Bi-fold Wallet - See at Gucci They make it from a tough coated Cordura ballistic fabric and weld the seams for a light but waterproof wallet.īest leather wallet for cash: Bellroy Note Sleeve - See at Bellroy The Plånbok is built for adventure, whether you get caught in a downpour while hiking, fall overboard while kayaking, or are simply lounging poolside. With RFID-blocking technology and a fully sealed magnetic perimeter, the Bellroy Apex Sleeve is just as secure physically as it is from electronic theft.īest waterproof: Skog Å Kust Plånbok Floating Waterproof Wallet - See at Amazon Tanner Goods's Utility Bifold is a classic wallet that's beautifully handcrafted in Minnesota from English Bridle leather that's as durable as it is beautiful.īest RFID-blocking leather wallet: Bellroy Apex Sleeve - See at Bellroy If you're looking for a simple design with room for everything, the Bellroy Hide & Seek Low Wallet fits the bill - literally.īest handcrafted: Tanner Goods Utility Bifold - See at Tanner Goods Secrid, a true innovator in the aluminum wallet business, uses a patented system to let you instantly access your cards and ups its storage capacity with a slide and money band to take this from being just a cardholder to a true wallet.īest minimalistic leather wallet: Bellroy Hide & Seek Low Wallet - See at Bellroy The gorgeous Bellroy Slim Sleeve Wallet fits everything you need in a slim, efficient profile.īest hardcase: Secrid Cardslide - See at Amazon The British brand uses full-grain leather and Spanish artisans to craft this exceptional wallet that has thoughtful design elements and RFID-blocking capabilities.īest slim leather wallet: Bellroy Slim Sleeve Wallet - See at Bellroy Harber London packs a lot of room into a small package with its Card Wallet. Our top picks for men's walletsīest overall: Harber London Card Wallet - See at Amazon If you're interested in wallets that are specifically geared for travel, check out our guide on the top travel wallets. If you're looking for larger styles, you can check out our guide to the best women's wallets. While wallets are gender-neutral, traditional men's wallets are made to be kept in pockets instead of purses or bags. A wallet should last you for years, especially if it's a decent full-grain leather one. When you're shopping for purely functional reasons or as a statement of your personal style, we've gathered the best men's wallets in this guide, from high-tech versions that prevent thieves from stealing your digital data, to stripped-down money clips. The radio moved to the top of the dashboard in 1997. 2003 mazda protege5 kbb Get a Kelley Blue Book instant cash offer. Small buttons require a long look away from the road to make any adjustments. Until the 1997 model year, however, the radio sat too low. The dashboard is well laid out, with clear gauges and stalk-mounted light and wiper controls. Both engines should return above-average fuel economy. Highway passing and merging are notably easier, however. Surprisingly, the 1.8-liter engine in the ES doesn’t seem that much stronger, despite its 30-horsepower advantage. With a full load, the 1.5-liter 4-cylinder might be short on strength. Based on the Black Book value of a Mazda, this is the amount you can expect to receive for your Mazda if you sell it to the dealer at the same time you are purchasing a new vehicle. The 1.5-liter engine in DX and LX models delivers adequate acceleration with a manual transmission, though it’s sluggish with automatic. Canadian Black Book is an independent third party that provides vehicle valuation data used by dealers across the country to appraise vehicles. You get a good-sized trunk and an average-sized glovebox. Cars for Sale Mazda Protege Blue 2010 Blue Mazda Protege For Sale Mazda Protege Blue Year 2010-2010 Makes Mazda Models Protege Search Price Price 0 - 250,000+ Mileage. However, rear doors are narrow at the bottom, making it awkward to climb in and out. Buying a Used Car See if you can save on car insurance on KBB.com SPONSORED Pre-qualify for a car loan with no credit score impact Get a Kelley Blue Book instant cash offer. Space inside is ample for four adults, with abundant front head and rear leg room. The 14-inch ES tires have noticeably better cornering grip. Bumps are easily absorbed, though they often produce a loud “thump.” Hard cornering brings lots of body lean, and the narrow 13-inch tires on DX and LX models start squealing early. Mazda obviously tuned the Protege’s suspension more toward ride comfort than handling finesse, though steering response is good and the car reacts well in urban driving. Maroney Mark-Up: A Look at Dealer Addendum Stickers. Due to complexities of our various sources of income, I’ve already had a few sessions with them to refine our plan for optimum results. In my case, I felt $125/hr was reasonable for expert help. or several thousands of dollars for a plan, (I am opposed to an AUM based plan). Before I found the Income Strategy website, I had considered using other financial planners who either charge up to $450/hr. If you’d like to get additional help with your plan, it’s available for $125/hour. Continuing the subscription allows your details to be constantly updated, if you’ve linked your accounts with the software. Subscription can be terminated at any time, so for $20, you can come up with some pretty sophisticated retirement drawdown plans. Changing/revising inputted info will generate new details of the different strategies. It is up to you to choose which strategy suits your needs best. I must say that this strategy appears to be a bit painful in the beginning due to a higher tax bracket than other strategies however, by doing so, it lowers the tax brackets for later remaining years of the plan which results with less overall taxes paid.Īgain, there are several strategies generated from the info inputted. This would eliminate RMD’s from the picture.Īt age 70 and beyond, I would start living off of SS & PBGC pension with the previously converted tax-free Roth funds not needed. My wife, who is already retired and a year younger, would convert her IRA to Roth in year six of my retirement. The process for me involves using my first five years of retirement, (ages 65-69) to live off of and convert all of my tax-deferred accounts to Roth IRA. In my case, I liked the recommended strategy with the idea of having the highest account balance at the end for my heirs. Plan details of the different strategies can be reviewed and you can decide which plan works best for you. The recommended strategy is the one which is the most tax-efficient allowing for the highest account balance at the end period of your planned lifespan. Since there was no feedback from my original post on this and since Fidelity, (holder of all of our tax deferred funds), has told me that their retirement drawdown analysis planning is no longer a service they provide, I decided to try the $20/month subscription service.Īfter inputting personal information, several strategies are generated. Titles include Euphoria, The White Lotus and House of the Dragon Though its 8.0 rating is neck-and-neck with Prime Video, Max consistently drops new releases, possesses a large back catalog and offers smooth, user-friendly features. With the addition of Discovery Plus unscripted content, there is more to stream. Max is ramping up its new originals, and we expect that to increase over time. It's not Disney Plus, but Max has a solid streaming collection for kids too, with the ability to control ratings on kids' profiles better than most other services.Īt $10 a month, it sits next to Netflix at the higher end of the streaming spectrum, and if you prefer the ad-free experience, the cost jumps up to $16 per month. And it's the primary destination for new Warner Bros.-owned feature films. It has HBO's entire library, DC Universe titles, along with favorites such as Friends, the Lord of the Rings movies and almost every Studio Ghibli film. Extended waits for new or original releasesĪ rebrand has turned HBO Max into Max, an updated app full of popular TV shows and movies.Huge library that includes Obi-Wan Kenobi, The Mandalorian and Encanto.A $20-per-month Trio Premium bundle nets you all three streaming platforms, and only ESPN Plus has ads. For $13 monthly, the Disney Bundle Trio Basic comes with Disney Plus, Hulu and ESPN Plus, all with ads. The ad-free version jumped to $11 a month but Disney has three bundles, the cheapest of which is a $10-a-month plan that combines Disney Plus and Hulu (called Disney Bundle Duo Basic), both with ads. We consider it a must-have if you have kids or are a fan of any of its other titles (and who isn't a fan of Baby Yoda?). Plus, there's lots more Star Wars and Marvel original programming coming in the next few years.Īt the current price of $8 a month for the ad-based plan, Disney Plus is still one of the least expensive streaming TV choices and a great value. Shows like The Mandalorian, Loki, Andor and She-Hulk, have drawn millions of viewers, while features such as Turning Red and Encanto won rave reviews. It's the only place where you can stream the vast majority of the Disney and Pixar libraries, along with every Star Wars movie, Marvel films and new original TV shows, National Geographic content and 30-plus seasons of The Simpsons. Abundant catalog of licensed movies, shows and originals including Stranger Things, Wednesdayĭisney Plus is one of Netflix's closest competitors - for good reason. Simple interface that's easy to navigate.But for the variety you get, it's still a top pick. The new ad-supported $7 subscription offers one stream for members who want to pay less. Its standard plan bumps that up to $15.50 per month, which includes HD and two simultaneous streams. Starting at $7 a month for a basic ad-supported account and $10 monthly for basic ad-free, its price is in the middle of the TV service pack. And the company doesn't mind catering to different tastes with gaming options and categories for kids, anime and foreign language titles from all over the globe. The streamer offers a wide variety of familiar network shows and more original series, films, documentaries and specials than any of its competitors. When big originals like Stranger Things drop, they grab the attention of millions of viewers along with critical praise and awards, giving us the closest thing we have to water cooler conversations these days. The former movie rental service evolved into the top-tier streaming app that's a must-have in 2023. There's a reason why Netflix has become shorthand for streaming in general. We also know that they are made up of smaller particles such as quarks and leptons.Īfter the Big Bang, 13.7 billion years ago, our very hot universe began to expand and become cooler, allowing the formation of quarks and leptons. But now we know that atoms are made up of three types of particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The term “atom” comes from the Greek word Atomus, which means “indivisible.” At that time, the Greeks believed that the atom was the smallest thing in the universe and could not be divided. The atom is the smallest building stone or the smallest part of a chemical element that retains the chemical properties of that element, and thus it is considered as the basic unit of matter that controls the structure of the elements. Let’s start our journey from the atom to understand what it means. Other particles are produced from nuclear reactions, but they are unstable. Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called quarks. Subatomic particles are particles much smaller than atoms, such as protons, electrons, and neutrons that make up the atom. The term particle always refers to objects of small sizes, and the most important types of particles are atomic and subatomic particles, each of which has different properties. In the physical sciences, a particle is a small localized object to which can be ascribed several physical or chemical properties, such as volume, density, or mass. What are The Three Types of Subatomic Particles?īefore we get to know subatomic particles, let’s first get to know the particles in chemistry and physics.Figure 2.4 "Rutherford’s Metal-Foil Experiments" shows how this model explains the experimental results. Rutherford called his description the “planetary model” of the atom. As a result, an atom consists largely of empty space. Most of the mass of an atom is in the nucleus, while the orbiting electrons account for an atom’s size. Electrons are outside the nucleus and orbit about it because they are attracted to the positive charge in the nucleus. Protons and neutrons are concentrated in a central region he called the nucleus The central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. Rutherford proposed the following model to explain these experimental results. Rutherford once said, “It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.” Some were even deflected back toward the source. Most of the particles traveled straight through the foil, but some alpha particles were deflected off to one side. Table 2.4 "Properties of the Subatomic Particles" lists some of their important characteristics and the symbols used to represent each particle.įigure 2.3 The Geiger-Marsden Experimental SetupĮxperiments using this setup were used to investigate the structure of atoms. We understand now that all atoms can be broken down into subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Evidence produced in 1932 established the existence of the neutron A subatomic particle with no electric charge., a particle with about the same mass as a proton but with no electrical charge. Because opposite charges attract each other (while like charges repel each other), protons attract electrons (and vice versa).įinally, additional experiments pointed to the existence of a third particle. Although still incredibly small, the mass of a proton is 1.673 × 10 −27 kg, which is almost 2,000 times greater than the mass of an electron. Another major difference between a proton and an electron is mass. has the same amount of charge as an electron, but its charge is positive, not negative. A proton A subatomic particle with a positive charge. Experiments with magnetic fields showed that the electron has a negative electrical charge.īy 1920, experimental evidence indicated the existence of a second particle. It is an extremely tiny particle, with a mass of about 9.109 × 10 −31 kg. The first subatomic particle was identified in 1897 and called the electron A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge. According to Masterclass, Scoville tested peppers by mixing sugar water with an alcohol-based extract of capsaicin oil - the chemical compound in chili peppers that makes them hot. Pharmacist Wilbur Scoville invented the Scoville scale in 1912 to measure a pepper’s heat. Trinidad Scorpion Butch T: 1,463,700 SHU.Trinidad Moruga Scorpion: 2,009,231 SHU.Healthiest fruit: This one is high in antioxidants and has cognitive and cardiovascular benefits What are the top five hottest peppers?Īccording to PepperHead, here are the five peppers that pack the most heat: Try a more mild pepper: Use bell peppers to make these fun summer squash recipes In second place is Dustin “Atomik Menace” Johnson of Las Vegas at 122 peppers. Thetitle is held by Gregory “Iron Guts” Barlow of Melbourne, Australia, who ate 160 Reapers in one sitting. League of Fire ranks chili eating champions with a specific set of rules - they need the details of the official event, the credentials of the witnesses present and no more than 200 Carolina Reapers can be consumed. Others relish an opportunity to eat the world’s spiciest pepper. In 2020, the National Center for Biotechnological Information reported an incident of a 15-year-old boy who ate a Carolina Reaper and had an acute cerebellar stroke two days later after being hospitalized because of headaches. Newsweek reported that brain scans revealed constricted arteries that eventually returned to their normal state five weeks later. In 2018, a 34-year-old man went to the emergency room complaining of severe headaches just days after eating the pepper. Switch up your salsa: Try spicy pear, pineapple-mint-jalapeño, tropical fruit Can you eat the world’s hottest pepper?Ĭan you safely consume a Carolina Reaper? For some, the idea may never cross their mind. What is the healthiest vegetable?: Check out these great nutrient-dense options It averages around 1.6 million SHU.įor comparison, jalapeño registers about 2,500 to 8,000 SHU and cayenne pepper is 30,000 to 50,000 SHU.Īccording to Man of Many, Currie created the Reaper by crossbreeding a pepper from a doctor in Pakistan and one from the island of St. Ranked as the Guinness World Record’s hottest pepper, the Carolina Reaper peaked at about 2.2 million Scoville Heat Units, the scale used to rank how spicy peppers are. Buy more and save by combining purchases and paying one shipping fee for an unlimited number of seed packs.The world’s hottest pepper is the Carolina Reaper, grown by Ed Currie of the PuckerButt Pepper Company in Fort Mill, South Carolina. All seeds come with planting and growing instructions. All my seeds are carefully packed with bubble wrap for shipping to ensure safe delivery. Non-GMO, naturally grown, harvested, and dried. Touching the seed can cause burns on hands, face, and any other thing it touches. Plant seeds shallowly with just a bit of soil dusted over them and then water evenly, careful not to wash seeds deeper when you water. Also, germination can be very slow and take up to two weeks before you see a sprout. It needs an extremely long growing season and, in most cases, must be started inside (in a well-heated and lit area) well before planting out. The Reaper is no harder to grow than any other pepper plant, but is very slow growing and needs to be kept warm the entire time. The heat rating on these devils is 1,641,183 Scovilles, according to The Guinness Book of World Records, in comparison the spicy habanero is a mere 100,000 Scovilles. The pepper is red and gnarled, often with a bumpy texture and small, pointed scythe-shaped tail at the base of each fruit, hence the name 'reaper'. It's a serious scorcher! A MUST HAVE for those extreme pepper eaters. 24+ fresh Seeds for Red Carolina Reaper Hot Peppers.Ĭarolina Reaper was certified as the world's hottest chili pepper by Guinness World Records on August 11, 2017. According to some research, a low carb diet may promote sleep and reduce daytime sleepiness. If you’re a disciple of the keto craze, you’re in luck. Playing catch-up on sleep on your day off may seem like a good idea, but the absolute best thing you can do is get a good amount of sleep every day. Those age 60 and over may have a lighter sleep schedule than younger folks. So two-thirds of their early life is spent sleeping because their little bodies and minds are growing.Įxperts suggest adults get 7 to 9 hours per night. Newborn babies usually sleep 8 to 9 hours during the day and 8 hours at night. The consequences can be extreme.Ī 2010 study showed that people who consistently get less than 5 hours of sleep per night face a higher risk of premature death than those who get 7 or more hours. The risks of sleep deprivation extend beyond crankiness or passing out at your morning meeting. None of these compare to the issues caused by prolonged exhaustion. Your heart rate also increases to a nearly wakeful state, and your breathing may become irregular and fast.ĭeep sleep is linked to some annoying but basically harmless disorders, including: Your brain waves spike and become active like when you’re awake. The REM portion - the final stage of sleep - is when you’re most likely to dream. You’ll have three to five REM cycles per night, depending on how long you’re sleeping. REM kicks in about 90 minutes into sleep. Your body heals from the inside out, starting at a cellular level. Your tissue regrows, and cellular energy is restored. Stage 4 is a healing and restorative stage. Your muscles are as relaxed as they can be. Your body temperature, brain waves, heart rate, and breathing reach their lowest levels. It’s hard to wake up, even if outside stimuli are popping off around you. Stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep)ĭeep sleep occurs in these stages and becomes shorter with each sleep cycle. Brain waves decrease and display sudden short bursts of activity. It’s when you’re in a light to medium sleep.Īs your body embraces slumber, your heart rate and breathing slow down, your muscles relax, and your body temperature decreases. Stage 2Īround 50 percent of your repeated sleep cycles will be spent in this stage. Stage 1 doesn’t last very long - around 5 to 15 minutes. Have you ever had the sudden sensation of falling as you start to doze? This is your body reacting to rest mode. This is the transition from being conscious to unconscious. Sleep stages are either REM or non-REM sleep. It’s called REM (short for “rapid eye movement”) because your eyes move around quickly while staying closed. It’s also an integral part of your sleep pattern. REM is more than a damn fine dad-rock band. Every 90 minutes or so, your mind cycles through five stages of sleep. doi:10.5664/jcsm.Even if you look like an inanimate object when you’re asleep, a lot is happening when you drift off to dreamland. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Healthy sleep.Ĭonsensus Conference Panel, Watson NF, Badr MS, et al. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Prevalence of healthy sleep duration among adults-United States, 2014. Liu Y, Wheaton AG, Chapman DP, Cunningham TJ, Lu H, Croft JB. Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption. The science of sleep: understanding what happens when you sleep. Selective suppression of rapid eye movement sleep increases next-day negative affect and amygdala responses to social exclusion. Glosemeyer RW, Diekelmann S, Cassel W, et al. Sleep smart-optimizing sleep for declarative learning and memory. Quantifying sleep architecture dynamics and individual differences using big data and Bayesian networks. Yetton BD, McDevitt EA, Cellini N, Shelton C, Mednick SC. Frontal beta-theta network during REM sleep. Vijayan S, Lepage KQ, Kopell NJ, Cash SS. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. No wonder it's a move that Eidos would frequently have their official Lara Croft models perform, much to the delight of the red tops.īut the genius of Lara's handstand actually derives from the fact it's entirely optional. There's something faintly languorous about the way her legs drape downwards on the dismount, just as there's a pause to the fraction of a second she holds herself taut. I like to think it hints at her privileged, aristocratic upbringing too - perhaps the young Lady Croft was treated to some private gymnastic tutoring along with all the roast swan and pony rides when she was a child? And there's no point denying that, for better or worse, it's a manoeuvre that's a little bit sexy. The handstand's the kind of pointless, gymnastic flourish that reminds us that Lara isn't some eager amateur but a trained, talented professional, at home in a world where tombs and cave systems are built from neat, straight lines. Watching Lara in action is like watching expensive brandy flow into a glass. This is Lara's handstand, her elegant spine-bending signature move. Only then does she dismount, tipping her legs forward with masterful, gymnastic elegance until she lands, feet first, on the platform. Instead, she keeps going, her limbs straightening and raising until she's perfectly, exquisitely balanced - her whole body extended perpendicular to the ground, upside down. Pulling herself upward simply by the strength in her arms, Lara doesn't stop like Drake and Mario would when her waist is above ledge height. But Lara, the old Lara, the Lara Croft of Tomb Raider: Underworld - she climbs ledges with style. Nathan Drake meanwhile, with his amateurish swagger, heaves himself around with the kind of casual athleticism that derives from bravado as much as ability. He's a hyperactive, middle-aged toddler, hooking his leg around the ridge of a platform with the eager enthusiasm of a one-year-old clambering up the sofa all by himself for the first time. You can tell a lot about a videogame character from the way they climb a ledge. Panthera’s biologists track the migratory routes of wild cats through the use of GPS collars and by working directly with local communities. Panthera has long recognized the importance of access to uninterrupted migratory paths on wild cat species. High mobility predators like wild cats are particularly susceptible to genetic inbreeding as well, with ocelots in southern Texas suffering alarmingly low genetic diversity due to extensive road developments. Between 19, 229 wildlife vehicle collisions were documented for Iberian lynx. While Nepal has been hailed in recent weeks as a success story for recovery of the tiger, the country’s road developments will bisect strongholds for the species and threaten to reverse incredible progress made in saving the last 4,500 wild tigers from extinction.Īpex predators are particularly vulnerable to vehicle collisions due to their extensive home ranges requiring travel across roadways and the species’ small population size. Similarly, development financiers are encouraged to further integrate road threat mitigation into their funding agreements, ensuring that the ultimate objective of no net biodiversity loss is maintained throughout the development process.ĭevelopment planned in Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park in particular is expected to devastate one of the world’s greatest animal migrations, causing a domino effect on healthy apex predator populations. Scientists maintain the significance of road planning committees incorporating the voices of all stakeholders, including local communities, conservation scientists and government officials. To protect some of the planet’s most critical keystone species and overall biodiversity, scientists are calling for meticulous road development planning with wildlife in mind, the use of effective threat mitigation measures, including crossings and roadside fencing serving as wildlife funnels, and the avoidance of road construction in protected areas and predator strongholds. The study reveals how current transportation infrastructure and planned global expansion of road networks, including 25 million kilometers of roadways to be constructed worldwide by 2050, in regions of rich biodiversity have and will continue to significantly sever connections and severely impact apex predators. Big cats in particular bear an overwhelming burden of road risk, demonstrating the species’ need for increased conservation attention and dollars.”ĭunnink continued, “While roads can often lead to positive social and economic outcomes, future road developments need to be strategically planned and adopt effective mitigation measures like safe-crossing zones to ensure they do not severely impact wildlife and, ultimately, the functioning of our planet’s ecosystems that determine the health and survival of so many human communities.” Panthera Furs for Life Project Coordinator Jeffrey Dunnink, one of the study’s authors, stated, “From wildlife-vehicle collisions to unintentionally creating new pathways for poachers to target our planet’s most cherished wildlife, roads are a major threat to apex predators, and our research confirms this threat will only intensify over the next 30 years. Findings estimated roughly 500 protected areas will be severed by such projects, threatening the survival of apex predators, their habitats and the ecosystem services provided to human communities. Scientists additionally developed a replicable method to assess the impact of unprecedented proposed road developments in the Brazilian Amazon, along Nepal’s Postal Highway and throughout the African continent. Collisions, habitat loss and fragmentation, reduced genetic connectivity caused by physical barriers and increased poaching facilitated by access to wildlife habitat represent the greatest roadway threats to apex predators. The study confirmed eight of the ten species with the highest road risk are found in Asia, with other high-risk species located in the Americas, Africa and Europe. With wild cats bearing a substantial burden of road risk, scientists found the sloth bear faces the highest risk of all apex predators, followed by the tiger and dhole. New York, NY – Tigers and clouded leopards in Asia, leopards in Asia and Africa and Iberian lynx in Spain are among 36 apex predators most threatened by the current global road network, according to a new study published in Nature’s Scientific Reports from Panthera, the global wild cat conservation organization, and partners. Media Contact: Susie Weller Sheppard, (347) 446-9904, images. New Panthera study ranks top 36 apex predators threatened by roads, with highest risk in Asiaĥ00 protected areas estimated to be severed by future road developments in Brazil, Nepal and African continent |
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